Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Climate Zones and Regional Tomato Challenges
- The Northeastern States
- The Southeastern States
- The Midwestern States
- The Great Plains States
- The Mountain West States
- The Southwestern States
- The Pacific Coast States
- Alaska and Hawaii
- Regional Soil Conditions and Fertility Management
- Irrigation and Water Conservation Strategies
- Major Tomato Pests and Diseases by Region
- Selecting Tomato Varieties for Different States
- Frost Dates and Seasonal Planning
- Links to All Fifty State Tomato Guides
- Conclusion
1. Introduction
Tomatoes can be grown in every state, but successful methods differ sharply across the country. Northern gardeners work within short frost-free seasons, southern growers confront extreme heat and humidity, and western gardeners must manage drought, alkaline soils, and intense sunlight. Regional disease and insect pressures also influence variety selection and garden management. This guide organizes tomato production by climate and geography so growers can connect broad regional principles with detailed advice for each state.
2. Climate Zones and Regional Tomato Challenges
Tomato production across the United States is controlled by a combination of temperature, frost-free season, humidity, rainfall, elevation, and soil conditions, which means no single planting schedule or management system works equally well everywhere. Tomatoes are warm-season plants that can be injured by frost and slowed by cold soils, so northern growers often start seedlings indoors and wait until local frost danger has passed before transplanting. In contrast, gardeners in warmer states may plant earlier but encounter prolonged summer temperatures that interfere with flowering and fruit set. Sustained daytime temperatures above approximately 85 degrees Fahrenheit, especially when nights remain above 70 degrees, can stress tomato plants and increase flower drop. Humidity and leaf wetness also influence disease pressure. Wet foliage and dense plant growth can promote diseases, while adequate spacing, pruning, crop rotation, mulching, and watering at the soil surface help reduce infection. Western gardens may have lower fungal pressure during dry weather but require precise irrigation because irregular soil moisture can contribute to fruit cracking, blossom-end rot, and reduced growth. Elevation creates additional variation because mountain communities may have cold nights and short seasons even in otherwise warm states. Successful growers therefore use regional climate information as a starting point, then adjust planting dates, variety maturity, irrigation, and disease prevention to the conditions of their specific garden. Local adaptation matters more than the state name alone, because coastal, mountain, valley, desert, and urban locations within one state can have very different growing environments. [1][2][3]
3. The Northeastern States
Tomato growers in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania generally work within a moderate to short growing season shaped by cool springs, variable summer rainfall, and recurring foliar disease pressure. Northern and higher-elevation locations often require early-maturing cultivars because transplanting may be delayed until late spring and cool autumn nights can end production before long-season varieties finish ripening. Starting transplants indoors allows plants to reach usable size before outdoor soil and air temperatures become suitable. The Northeast can also experience warm, humid periods in midsummer, creating favorable conditions for early blight, septoria leaf spot, leaf mold, and late blight. Late blight deserves particular attention because it can develop rapidly during cool, wet conditions and can damage both tomato and potato crops. Growers reduce risk by improving air movement, avoiding unnecessary leaf wetness, watering near the root zone, removing diseased foliage, rotating away from related crops, and preventing infected plant debris from remaining in the garden. Disease resistance and maturity length should receive equal consideration when varieties are selected. Gardeners near the Atlantic coast may experience cooler summers and persistent moisture, while inland valleys can become hot enough to cause temporary flower drop. Raised beds may help where drainage is poor, and organic mulch can limit soil splash while stabilizing moisture. Tomato hornworms, flea beetles, aphids, cutworms, and fruit-feeding caterpillars may occur, but fungal and oomycete diseases are often the more consistent regional concern. Early planting is not necessarily better if cold soil leaves transplants stressed and slow-growing. [4][5][6]
4. The Southeastern States
Tomato production in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida benefits from long warm seasons, but heat, humidity, heavy rainfall, and intense pest pressure can make production difficult. In much of the region, spring tomatoes can be planted considerably earlier than in northern states, while Florida growers may use fall, winter, or early-spring schedules to avoid the most severe summer conditions. High daytime and nighttime temperatures can reduce successful pollination and cause blossoms to drop, making the hottest part of summer less productive even though plants continue growing. Warm, wet conditions also favor bacterial and fungal diseases, including bacterial spot, early blight, southern blight, and other leaf, stem, and root disorders. Soilborne pathogens and root-knot nematodes can persist where tomatoes or related crops are planted repeatedly in the same area. Whiteflies, stink bugs, fruitworms, hornworms, aphids, and mites may require regular scouting. Growers improve reliability through crop rotation, resistant cultivars, wide spacing, sanitation, drip irrigation, and mulch that limits soil splash and reduces moisture loss. Consistent watering is especially important because alternating drought and saturation can contribute to blossom-end rot and fruit cracking even when calcium is present in the soil. In the hottest areas, a spring crop followed by a late-summer or autumn planting may perform better than attempting uninterrupted midsummer production. Shade during the harshest afternoon period may reduce heat stress in exposed gardens, although excessive shade can lower flowering and yield. The Southeast offers a long production window, but growers must schedule crops around the region’s most stressful weather rather than assuming that a longer warm season automatically produces an easier harvest. [7][8][9]
5. The Midwestern States
Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri contain highly productive agricultural soils, but Midwestern tomato gardens face rapid weather changes, frost risk, summer humidity, thunderstorms, and uneven rainfall. The region spans a substantial north-to-south distance, so a variety suitable for southern Missouri may mature too slowly for northern Minnesota or Wisconsin. Northern growers commonly start tomatoes indoors and select early or midseason cultivars, while gardeners farther south can use a broader range of maturity classes. Fertile soils can support strong plants, but excessive nitrogen may produce dense foliage with delayed flowering and increased disease risk. Soil testing is therefore more reliable than routine heavy fertilization. Summer heat and humidity can encourage early blight, septoria leaf spot, anthracnose, and leaf mold, especially where plants are crowded or watered overhead. Strong storms may break unsupported stems, saturate soils, or damage foliage with hail, while drought between storms can create irregular moisture conditions. Staking, caging, mulching, and root-zone irrigation help stabilize plant growth and reduce soil contact. Disease prevention depends heavily on airflow and sanitation, because many common tomato diseases survive on infected debris or nearby host plants. Hornworms, flea beetles, cutworms, aphids, and other insects are common but usually require identification before control is justified. Determinate varieties are useful for gardeners who want concentrated harvests for preservation, whereas indeterminate plants can continue producing until frost. The Midwest can produce excellent tomatoes because summer temperatures and sunlight are generally favorable, but success depends on adapting to abrupt shifts between cool, wet, hot, and dry conditions rather than managing for a stable seasonal pattern. [10][11][12]
6. The Great Plains States
The Great Plains states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas encompass one of the most climatically diverse tomato-growing regions in the United States, stretching from the cool northern prairies to the subtropical heat of southern Texas. Growers throughout the region contend with strong winds, rapid temperature swings, periodic drought, and highly variable rainfall, all of which influence plant growth and fruit production. Northern sections may experience frost-free seasons of little more than one hundred days, while southern areas can support tomatoes for much of the year. Wind is one of the most underestimated challenges because it increases water loss, damages stems, reduces pollinator activity, and places young transplants under constant stress. Rainfall is often erratic, arriving in heavy storms separated by long dry periods that force growers to depend upon irrigation and mulch to maintain consistent soil moisture. Alkaline soils are common in portions of the plains and may affect nutrient availability, particularly iron and phosphorus. Spider mites, grasshoppers, flea beetles, cutworms, and leafhoppers are significant pests, while curly-top virus remains a concern in some western areas where beet leafhoppers are present. Successful production frequently depends upon windbreaks, drip irrigation, cages capable of resisting severe weather, and careful selection of varieties suited to local conditions. Moisture management and wind protection often determine the difference between healthy plants and severe crop losses, particularly during the hottest portions of the growing season. [13][14][15]
7. The Mountain West States
Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, and Nevada occupy a region defined by high elevations, low humidity, intense sunlight, and dramatic temperature differences between day and night. In many mountain communities, tomatoes are challenged by short growing seasons and the possibility of frost during any month of the year. A garden located at seven thousand feet may receive abundant sunshine while still experiencing nighttime temperatures low enough to slow plant development. High solar intensity encourages vigorous growth, but thin mountain air and rapid moisture loss increase the demand for irrigation and mulching. Many western soils contain significant amounts of sand, gravel, or clay and may be alkaline, requiring growers to pay close attention to fertility and drainage. Raised beds are common because they warm more quickly in spring and provide improved control over soil conditions. Tomato growers in the Mountain West frequently select early-maturing cultivars and may use protective structures such as cold frames, row covers, greenhouses, or high tunnels to extend the season. Spider mites, flea beetles, grasshoppers, and aphids are among the more common insect pests, although disease pressure is often lower than in humid eastern states. Elevation, frost risk, and irrigation requirements shape nearly every management decision in the region. Because rainfall is limited and evaporation rates are high, deep and consistent watering is usually more effective than frequent shallow irrigation. Successful mountain gardeners learn to work with local microclimates, taking advantage of south-facing slopes, protected valleys, and heat-retaining structures to maximize production. [16][17][18]
8. The Southwestern States
Arizona, New Mexico, and much of inland California experience some of the most demanding tomato-growing conditions in North America because of extreme heat, low humidity, limited rainfall, and intense solar radiation. Tomatoes can be exceptionally productive in the Southwest, but success often depends on timing the crop to avoid the hottest months of the year. In desert regions, spring planting may begin very early, while autumn gardens can outperform those planted in midsummer. Daytime temperatures exceeding ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit can interfere with pollination and fruit set, causing flowers to drop even when plants appear healthy. Water management becomes critical because rapid evaporation and dry winds quickly deplete soil moisture. Mulching, drip irrigation, and organic matter additions help stabilize soil temperatures and reduce water loss. Southwestern growers must also contend with alkaline soils that can limit the availability of certain nutrients, especially iron. Whiteflies, spider mites, leafminers, psyllids, and flea beetles are important pests throughout the region, while curly-top virus remains a serious concern in some desert environments. Heat stress and irrigation scheduling are often more important than disease control, although fungal diseases may still develop where overhead irrigation or monsoon conditions increase humidity. Shade cloth is sometimes used during periods of extreme heat to reduce plant stress and protect developing fruit from sunscald. Tomato production in the Southwest can be remarkably successful, but growers must adapt their practices to a climate where water conservation and temperature management dominate nearly every aspect of cultivation. [19][20][21]
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9. The Pacific Coast States
Washington, Oregon, and California encompass an extraordinary range of climates, from the cool marine conditions of the northern coast to the intense summer heat of California’s interior valleys. Tomato production along the Pacific Coast is therefore shaped by ocean influence, summer temperature patterns, regional fog, and water availability rather than by latitude alone. Coastal gardens in Washington and Oregon often experience cooler summers and persistent morning fog, conditions that can slow ripening and increase disease pressure during wet years. Inland valleys, by contrast, receive abundant sunshine and warmer temperatures that support vigorous growth and high yields. California alone contains Mediterranean, desert, alpine, and coastal climates, each requiring different management strategies. Growers in cooler coastal locations often favor early-maturing cultivars because daytime temperatures may remain below the optimum range for fruit ripening, while inland gardeners must protect plants from heat stress and sunscald. Water management is especially important because dry summers dominate much of the Pacific Coast, making drip irrigation and mulching essential tools for maintaining uniform soil moisture. Aphids, hornworms, flea beetles, tomato pinworms, whiteflies, and spider mites occur throughout the region, while diseases such as late blight, fusarium wilt, and verticillium wilt vary according to local climate. Marine influence and summer drought are the two environmental forces that distinguish Pacific Coast tomato production from much of the rest of the country. Growers who understand the relationship between coastal cooling, inland heat, and irrigation requirements are often rewarded with exceptionally productive gardens. [22][23][24]
10. Alaska and Hawaii
Alaska and Hawaii represent the two climatic extremes of American tomato production. Alaska presents growers with short growing seasons, cool temperatures, and dramatic seasonal variations in daylight, while Hawaii offers warm conditions throughout the year but challenges gardeners with heavy rainfall, tropical pests, and persistent humidity. In Alaska, tomatoes are commonly grown in greenhouses, high tunnels, or protected gardens because frost-free periods may last only a few months in many locations. The state’s long summer days can promote rapid vegetative growth, but cool nights often delay flowering and fruit maturation. Early-maturing varieties are therefore essential, particularly outside the warmer regions of south-central Alaska. Hawaii, on the other hand, allows year-round cultivation in many locations, although excessive moisture and heat create ideal conditions for bacterial and fungal diseases. Root-knot nematodes, fruit flies, whiteflies, aphids, and leafminers are important pests throughout the islands, while bacterial wilt and fungal leaf diseases can spread rapidly during wet weather. Soil conditions also vary greatly, ranging from volcanic soils rich in minerals to highly weathered tropical soils requiring fertility management. Temperature limitations dominate Alaska, while moisture and pest pressure dominate Hawaii, illustrating how different environmental constraints can shape tomato production. Gardeners in both states frequently rely on local varieties and planting schedules adapted to their unique conditions rather than following recommendations developed for the continental United States. [25][26][27]
11. Regional Soil Conditions and Fertility Management
The soils supporting tomato production across the United States range from the rich prairie loams of the Midwest to the sandy coastal soils of the Southeast and the alkaline desert soils of the Southwest. Successful cultivation depends upon understanding soil texture, drainage, pH, and nutrient availability, because these characteristics influence root development, water retention, and plant health. Tomatoes generally perform best in well-drained soils containing abundant organic matter and a moderately acidic pH. Sandy soils warm quickly in spring and drain efficiently but may require more frequent irrigation and fertilization because nutrients leach rapidly beyond the root zone. Heavy clay soils retain water and nutrients effectively, yet poor drainage can lead to root disease and oxygen deficiency if excessive moisture accumulates. Alkaline soils, common throughout parts of the Great Plains and the western states, may reduce the availability of nutrients such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus even when those elements are present in adequate quantities. Organic amendments, compost, and cover crops are often used to improve soil structure, increase biological activity, and enhance water-holding capacity. Soil testing remains one of the most valuable management tools because visual symptoms alone may not accurately identify nutrient deficiencies or excesses. Proper fertility begins with understanding the soil itself, since excessive nitrogen can produce lush foliage with limited fruit production, while insufficient nutrients may reduce plant vigor and overall yield. Regional climate, irrigation practices, and local geology all influence soil behavior, making site-specific management essential for successful tomato production. [28][29][30]
12. Irrigation and Water Conservation Strategies
Water management is one of the most important factors governing tomato production because both excessive moisture and drought stress can reduce yield, increase disease pressure, and damage fruit quality. Growers across the United States must adapt irrigation practices to local climates, soil conditions, and seasonal weather patterns. In humid regions of the Southeast and Northeast, irrigation is often supplemental, providing water during dry periods while avoiding excessive leaf wetness that encourages disease. In the arid Southwest, Great Plains, and portions of the Mountain West, irrigation becomes the foundation of production because rainfall alone is insufficient to sustain healthy growth. Drip irrigation, mulch, and soil moisture conservation are widely regarded as the most effective methods for maintaining consistent water availability while minimizing waste. Drip systems deliver water directly to the root zone, reducing evaporation and limiting the spread of fungal diseases associated with overhead watering. Organic mulches such as straw, leaves, and compost help moderate soil temperature, suppress weeds, and reduce fluctuations in soil moisture that contribute to blossom-end rot and fruit cracking. Deep, infrequent irrigation generally encourages stronger root systems than shallow daily watering, particularly in heavier soils. Growers must also consider regional rainfall patterns because a single thunderstorm may supply more water than a week of irrigation in some locations. Consistency is more important than volume, since tomatoes subjected to alternating drought and saturation often produce inferior fruit. Water conservation strategies become increasingly important as drought, population growth, and competing demands place greater pressure on agricultural water supplies throughout the country. [31][32][33]
13. Major Tomato Pests and Diseases by Region
The distribution of tomato pests and diseases across the United States closely follows regional differences in climate, humidity, temperature, and agricultural practices. The humid Northeast and Midwest frequently struggle with early blight, septoria leaf spot, anthracnose, and late blight, while the warm Southeast faces additional pressure from bacterial wilt, bacterial spot, southern blight, and root-knot nematodes. In the Great Plains and western states, drier conditions reduce some fungal diseases but increase problems associated with spider mites, grasshoppers, flea beetles, and viruses transmitted by leafhoppers. Coastal California and the desert Southwest contend with whiteflies, psyllids, tomato pinworms, and leafminers, while tropical areas such as Hawaii experience fruit flies and persistent bacterial diseases. Climate determines which organisms dominate a region, but local conditions such as irrigation methods, crop rotation, and plant spacing also influence pest populations and disease severity. Integrated management strategies emphasize sanitation, resistant varieties, proper watering, crop rotation, and regular scouting rather than dependence on a single control measure. Removing infected plant debris, controlling weeds that serve as alternate hosts, and improving airflow around plants reduce disease pressure in many regions. Insect populations should be monitored carefully because not all damage justifies treatment, and beneficial insects often suppress pest outbreaks naturally. Prevention remains more effective than correction, particularly for diseases that spread rapidly during favorable weather. Understanding regional pest and disease patterns allows growers to anticipate problems and select management strategies suited to their local environment rather than reacting after serious damage has occurred. [34][35][36]
14. Selecting Tomato Varieties for Different States
Choosing the appropriate tomato variety is one of the most important decisions a grower makes because maturity period, disease resistance, heat tolerance, and growth habit determine whether a plant will thrive under local conditions. Northern states with short growing seasons often favor early-maturing varieties capable of producing fruit within sixty to seventy days after transplanting, while southern states can support long-season cultivars that continue producing into autumn. Determinate varieties remain popular among gardeners who prefer concentrated harvests for canning and preservation, whereas indeterminate varieties provide a continuous supply of fruit throughout the season. Heat tolerance becomes especially important in states such as Arizona, Texas, and Florida, where prolonged summer temperatures may interfere with pollination and fruit development. Disease resistance is equally critical in humid regions where fungal and bacterial pathogens can destroy susceptible plants. Seed catalogs and university extension publications commonly identify resistance to specific diseases using letter designations, allowing growers to match varieties to regional challenges. Fruit characteristics also influence variety selection because some gardeners prioritize slicing tomatoes, while others prefer paste, cherry, or heirloom types. No single variety performs best in every climate, and a cultivar that thrives in coastal Oregon may struggle in inland Texas or northern Minnesota. Successful growers often experiment with multiple varieties over several seasons, gradually identifying those best adapted to their soil, climate, pest pressure, and culinary preferences. [37][38][39]
15. Frost Dates and Seasonal Planning
Frost dates provide a practical framework for tomato planting, but they are probability-based averages rather than guarantees that freezing weather has ended. Tomatoes are frost-sensitive warm-season plants, so outdoor transplanting should generally wait until the danger of frost has passed, the soil has warmed, and nighttime temperatures are no longer repeatedly cold enough to suppress growth. The local last-frost date, rather than the statewide average, should guide spring planting because elevation, distance from the coast, urban heat, cold-air drainage, and nearby mountains can create substantial differences within a single state. The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is useful for understanding average annual extreme minimum winter temperatures, but it does not provide the same information as local spring and autumn freeze records. Gardeners should therefore consult regional extension planting calendars, weather-station records, and short-term forecasts when scheduling transplants. Northern growers often begin seeds indoors several weeks before the anticipated planting date, then harden the plants gradually before moving them into the garden. Early-maturing cultivars help ensure that fruit ripens before the first autumn frost, while row covers, low tunnels, high tunnels, and water-filled plant protectors can extend production at either end of the season. Southern growers face a different scheduling problem because their frost-free period may be long, but extreme summer heat can interrupt fruit set. In these climates, spring and autumn production windows may be more dependable than continuous midsummer cropping. Gardeners should also compare each cultivar’s stated days to maturity with the realistic number of warm growing days available after transplanting. Seasonal planning is most reliable when frost probability, soil temperature, cultivar maturity, and local summer heat are considered together rather than relying on a calendar date alone. [40][41][42]
16. Links to All Fifty State Tomato Guides
A national tomato guide becomes most useful when it connects broad regional principles with detailed information for every state. The state directory should be arranged alphabetically so readers can quickly locate Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Each state name should link directly to its corresponding tomato-growing article rather than to a search result, tag archive, or general category page. Direct links to the state guides allow readers to move from the national overview to recommendations concerning local planting dates, climate zones, cultivars, soils, pests, diseases, and seasonal limitations. Every state guide should also contain a prominent contextual link returning to this national article, creating a clear two-way relationship between the pillar and its supporting pages. The general Ultimate Tomato Growing Guide should link to this fifty-state pillar, while the fifty-state pillar should link back to the general guide for detailed information on seed starting, transplanting, irrigation, nutrition, pruning, support systems, and harvesting. This structure prevents the national article from duplicating the complete instructions already covered elsewhere while giving the state collection a logical center. Consistent descriptive anchor text should identify the destination accurately, using wording such as “Growing Tomatoes in Minnesota” rather than vague phrases such as “click here.” The directory should be reviewed periodically to correct changed addresses, add missing states, and ensure that every listed destination remains accessible. [43][44][45]
17. Conclusion
Tomato production succeeds throughout the United States when growers adapt their methods to local conditions rather than following one national schedule. Climate, frost dates, season length, soils, rainfall, humidity, elevation, pests, and diseases determine which varieties and practices perform reliably in each location. Regional guidance provides the necessary foundation, while the individual state articles supply more precise recommendations for local gardeners. Connecting those state guides through one national pillar creates a coherent reference system that serves readers and clarifies the relationship among the pages. Careful variety selection, seasonal planning, irrigation, soil management, and preventive pest control remain the foundations of dependable harvests.
Related Reading:
The Ultimate Tomato Growing Guide for Gardeners
https://hatchiseeds.com/the-ultimate-tomato-growing-guide/
Asian Tomato Varieties, Regional Cultivation Systems, and Breeding Development Across Asia
https://hatchiseeds.com/pillar-6800-asian-tomato-varieties/
Heirloom, Hybrid, and Open-Pollinated Tomatoes: Understanding the Differences
https://hatchiseeds.com/pillar-heirloom-and-modern-tomatoes/
Tomatos by State Hub
https://hatchiseeds.com/category/tomatos-by-state/
Citations
[1] USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
[2] University of Minnesota Extension. Growing Tomatoes in Home Gardens
[3] Utah State University Extension. Planting and Spacing: Tomato, Pepper, and Eggplant
[4] University of Minnesota Extension. Starting Seeds Indoors
[5] University of Minnesota Extension. Tomato Leaf Spot Diseases
[6] University of Minnesota Extension. Early Blight in Tomato and Potato
[7] North Carolina State University Extension. Growing Tomatoes in the Home Garden
[8] North Carolina State University Extension. Fresh Market Tomato Production in Eastern North Carolina
[9] North Carolina State University Extension. Central North Carolina Planting Calendar for Annual Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs
[10] University of Minnesota Extension. Growing Tomatoes in Home Gardens
[11] University of Minnesota Extension. Tomato Disorders
[12] University of Minnesota Extension. Tomato Hornworms in Home Gardens
[13] Utah State University Extension. How to Grow Tomatoes in Your Garden
[14] Utah State University Extension. Curly Top of Tomato
[15] University of Minnesota Extension. Twospotted Spider Mites in Home Gardens
[16] University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Growing Tomatoes Above 6,000-Foot Elevations in Arizona
[17] Oregon State University Extension Service. Central Oregon Vegetable Garden Calendar
[18] Oregon State University Extension Service. Grow Your Own Tomatoes and Tomatillos
[19] University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Growing Tomatoes
[20] University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Tomato Planting, Growing and Harvest
[21] University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Tomato Challenges
[22] Washington State University Extension. Growing Tomatoes in Home Gardens
[23] Oregon State University Extension Service. Tips Help Oregon Gardeners Grow Better Tomatoes
[24] Oregon State University Extension Service. Understanding Tomato Diseases Helps Gardeners Grow with Confidence
[25] University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service. Alaska Cooperative Extension Publications Catalog
[26] University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Tomato Production in Hawai‘i
[27] University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Blossom-End Rot of Tomato in Hawai‘i
[28] North Carolina State University Extension. Growing Tomatoes in the Home Garden
[29] Utah State University Extension. How to Grow Tomatoes in Your Garden
[30] Oregon State University Extension Service. Grow Your Own Tomatoes and Tomatillos
[31] Utah State University Extension. Water Recommendations for Vegetables
[32] North Carolina State University Extension. Fresh Market Tomato Production in Eastern North Carolina
[33] University of Minnesota Extension. Tomato Disorders
[34] University of Minnesota Extension. Tomato Leaf Spot Diseases
[35] North Carolina State University Extension. Early Blight of Tomato
[36] University of Minnesota Extension. Tomato Hornworms in Home Gardens
[37] Utah State University Extension. Varietal Selection: Tomato, Pepper, and Eggplant
[38] University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Selecting Tomato Varieties
[39] Washington State University Extension. Growing Tomatoes in Home Gardens
[40] USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
[41] University of Minnesota Extension. Planting the Vegetable Garden
[42] University of Minnesota Extension. Extending the Growing Season: Start Early, End Later
[43] Google Search Central. Link Best Practices for Google
[44] Google Search Central. Learn About Sitelinks
[45] Google Search Central. Learn About Sitemaps